One of the most unique aspects of life in Greenland is the extreme variation in daylight throughout the year.
This page explains what the polar night and midnight sun are, where and when they occur in Greenland, and how they affect daily life for residents and newcomers.
What is the polar night?
The polar night is a period during winter when the sun does not rise above the horizon for an extended time.
During the polar night:
- The sun remains below the horizon all day
- Daylight is replaced by twilight or darkness
- Artificial lighting becomes essential
The exact duration and intensity depend on latitude.
What is the midnight sun?
The midnight sun is a summer phenomenon when the sun remains visible at midnight and does not fully set.
During the midnight sun:
- There is continuous daylight for weeks or months
- Sleep patterns may be disrupted without proper routines
- Outdoor activity increases significantly
Where polar night and midnight sun occur in Greenland
Greenland stretches far into the Arctic Circle, so daylight patterns vary by location.
- Northern Greenland experiences longer periods of polar night and midnight sun
- Southern Greenland experiences shorter or no full polar night
- Coastal towns may have extended twilight rather than complete darkness
The further north you live, the more extreme the daylight variation.
How long do these periods last?
The length of polar night and midnight sun depends on latitude.
- In northern towns, polar night can last several weeks
- Midnight sun can last from late spring through midsummer
- In southern areas, daylight variation is noticeable but less extreme
Impact on daily life
Extreme daylight conditions affect many aspects of daily living:
- Sleep cycles and energy levels
- Work routines and productivity
- Social life and outdoor activities
- Mental well-being
Many residents adapt over time by developing structured routines.
Mental health and adaptation
Both polar night and midnight sun can be challenging, especially for newcomers.
Common adaptation strategies include:
- Maintaining consistent sleep schedules
- Using blackout curtains during summer
- Using daylight lamps during winter
- Staying socially active
- Planning regular outdoor activity when conditions allow
Awareness and preparation significantly reduce negative effects.
Is it difficult to live with these conditions?
Experiences vary widely.
Some people find the extremes fascinating and energizing, while others struggle with prolonged darkness or constant daylight.
Understanding these realities before moving helps set realistic expectations.
Who adapts best
People who adapt well often:
- Maintain routines regardless of daylight
- Actively manage sleep and light exposure
- Engage with the local community
- Embrace seasonal differences rather than resisting them
Related guides
- Climate and weather in Greenland
- Cost of living in Greenland
- Housing in Greenland
- How to move to Greenland step by step
Last updated: January 2026